Post by beebs on Dec 14, 2012 18:29:51 GMT -5
Nitric Oxide (NO) produced in excess
can be neurotoxic.
Medications and other xenobiotics can lead to activation of NMDA receptors (see previous posts) and subtype of glutamate receptors. Glutamate (in the body, but more in the brain), is the precursor to GABA, and is mainly excitory. It can lead to an influx of calcium (amongst many other biochem activities) to start up neuronal nitric oxide synthase, leading to conversion of L-Arginine to citrulline and NO. (BTW, if some of you may note exacerbation of symptoms after eating water melon - high in citrulline). (Irrelevant to the Article below).
The paper discusses does NOT discuss neuronal activities, and focuses mainly on phytochemicals known to "modulate" endothelial NO production in regards to preventing cardiovascular disease and treatment. Note, compounds mentioned in the article has been used for thousands of years by Ayurvedic & TCM practitioners.
Regardless, epigenetic mechanism mentioned in the paper, it applies to overall health of the endothelial function, including neurological health.
Its not possibe to post the whole article, but, will share the most important part of the paper below the abstract, (avoiding plagiarism, ;D)
Isolated compounds listed in the article, does not take into account individuals metabolic variability, neuro inflammatory cytokines etc.. Same compound from other sources working in synergy with other compounds, thus altering its chemical structure. Its all about trial and error, and timing.
There is little published about how to rectify over production of NO. It can be excessive in brain issue and not elsewhere and vice-versa. If you react to one of the foods listed, avoid.
Modulation of endothelial nitric oxide by plant-derived products
Christoph A. Schmitta, b, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author,
Verena M. Dirscha, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author
a University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
b University College London, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, London, UK
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is recognised as a central anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic principle in the vasculature. Decreased availability of NO in the vasculature promotes the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that a growing list of natural products, as components of the daily diet or phytomedical preparations, may improve vascular function by enhancing NO bioavailability. In this article we first outline common pathways modulating endothelial NO production or bioavailability to provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic discussions. Then we comprehensively review natural products and plant extracts known to positively influence eNOS activity and/or endothelial function in vitro or in vivo.
We will discuss red wine, highlighting polyphenols, oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) and resveratrol as modulators of endothelial NO production. Other dietary products and their active components known to activate eNOS include cocoa (OPC and its monomer (−)-epicatechin), pomegranates (polyphenols), black and green tea (flavanoids, especially epigallocatechin gallate), olive oil (oleic acid and polyphenols), soy (genistein), and quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in plants. In addition, phytomedical preparations made from ginkgo, hawthorn and ginseng, as well as formulations used in traditional Chinese Medicine, have been shown to affect endothelial NO production. Recurring phytochemical patterns among active fractions and purified compounds are discussed.
In summary, there is increasing evidence that several single natural products and plant extracts influence endothelial NO production. Identification of such compounds and characterisation of their cellular actions may increase our knowledge of the regulation of endothelial NO production and could provide valuable clues for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1089860309000755
The paper highlights the importance of healthy endothelial function. We know if endothelial function is compromised, this will result in inflammation, causing disease. Endothelial dysfunction in part affects vasolidation, which when dysfunctional predictive of cardiac diseases.
It discusses the various mechanism of methylation, and eNos synthase, which you read in previous posts.
According to the paper, various studies show red grapes and wine helps enothelium dilation of vessels, after a single does of red wine, said to be more potent when the alcohol was removed.
Grape juice and grape seed extract - we know are very rich in oligomeric procyanindins (OPC), can dilate endothelium dilation of "aortic rings." (We also know that many with neurological disorders benefit from taking OPCs).
Resveratrol - mechanism is not clear. Known to activayr "SRT1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor y coactivator 1x" which is involved in caloric restriction metabolism. (You may have read about the theory of caloric restriction to combat/prevent inflammation, ward of dysfunction of endothelial function, prevent/reverse diseases. Aficionados of caloric restriction usually include supplement of what is mentioned in this article for the purpose of longevity.) Much info about this on longevity forums.
Black & Green Tea - We all heard about green tea and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which are known to increase eNos. The paper does not mention what other compounds in black tea, much lower in EGCG promotes eNos.
Cocoa - will increase endothelial production of eNos after five days of daily consumption. Epicathecin is one of the compounds to be helpful towards hypertension. (Worth reading up on all benefits of cocoa). Not white chocolate, sugar attenuates the effect.
Soy Isoflavones - You probably read up the difference between eating fermented soy prods daily, such as miso, tempeh etc.. and to AVOID soy products, they are toxic!! The paper adds that several epidemiological studies from Eastern countries decrease vascular diseases. There is no entry as to which compounds nor the mechanism, other than soy may activate hormonal estrogen, promoting eNos.
Pommegranate - juice high plolynephenols in particular hydrolysable tanning punicalagin, increases eNos in cardicacendothelial cells, whilst halting oxidization of NO, by scavenging superoxide
Olive and Fish Oils - We all know about monosaturated fatty acids and oleic acid. Particularly found that it considerably beneficial to males post a four weeks diet high in both.
Garlic - aware of its benefits on cholesterol and blood lipids (immune system and other systmes, check it out). Allicin and organosulphur. Will also activate NOs. Also successful in treating rat with Diabetes Type 2. NO metabolites was found in urine after two weeks of treatment with dried garlic.
Aged garlic was found to benefit those suffering from coronary heart disease and hyperhomocysteinemia. (check out your homecysteine level, tons of supps to lower, or diets).
Caffeine and Coffee- may bring BP up, but will enhance endothelial function one hour or so after drinking it. Confusing. Other papers show arterial stiffness and rise in BP. But another paper showed improved endothelial function in rats suffering from hypertension.
Quercetin - contains lots of polyphenols. Works well on endothelial dependent "vasolidation" arotic rings. Overall, beneficial to endothelial cells. The author does not clarify the danger of activation of hydrogen peroxide, which can damage endothelial cell. I can't eat raw onions, it exacerbate my symptoms. I wonder if by some mechanism there is oxidation of the hydrogen peroxide (very sensitive to this), causing further damage to endothelial cells? Same with Vit C, which I can tolerate for a few months now.
Ginseng & Dan Shen- both activate eNos. One of the known compounds in Dan Shen, pentacyclic triterpene ursolic acid, is known to stimulalte eNOS but down regulates NADPH.
Interesting that most of above worsens my symptoms, and most of what is mentioned below. Its very complex.
Ascorbic Acid, sesamol lignan from sesame seeds, artichoke leaves,
citrus flavone hesperidine, passion flower flavone chrysin, berries, elderberry, and more activate eNOS. Watermelon rich in citrulline involves L-arginine pathway.
can be neurotoxic.
Medications and other xenobiotics can lead to activation of NMDA receptors (see previous posts) and subtype of glutamate receptors. Glutamate (in the body, but more in the brain), is the precursor to GABA, and is mainly excitory. It can lead to an influx of calcium (amongst many other biochem activities) to start up neuronal nitric oxide synthase, leading to conversion of L-Arginine to citrulline and NO. (BTW, if some of you may note exacerbation of symptoms after eating water melon - high in citrulline). (Irrelevant to the Article below).
The paper discusses does NOT discuss neuronal activities, and focuses mainly on phytochemicals known to "modulate" endothelial NO production in regards to preventing cardiovascular disease and treatment. Note, compounds mentioned in the article has been used for thousands of years by Ayurvedic & TCM practitioners.
Regardless, epigenetic mechanism mentioned in the paper, it applies to overall health of the endothelial function, including neurological health.
Its not possibe to post the whole article, but, will share the most important part of the paper below the abstract, (avoiding plagiarism, ;D)
Isolated compounds listed in the article, does not take into account individuals metabolic variability, neuro inflammatory cytokines etc.. Same compound from other sources working in synergy with other compounds, thus altering its chemical structure. Its all about trial and error, and timing.
There is little published about how to rectify over production of NO. It can be excessive in brain issue and not elsewhere and vice-versa. If you react to one of the foods listed, avoid.
Modulation of endothelial nitric oxide by plant-derived products
Christoph A. Schmitta, b, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author,
Verena M. Dirscha, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author
a University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
b University College London, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, London, UK
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is recognised as a central anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic principle in the vasculature. Decreased availability of NO in the vasculature promotes the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that a growing list of natural products, as components of the daily diet or phytomedical preparations, may improve vascular function by enhancing NO bioavailability. In this article we first outline common pathways modulating endothelial NO production or bioavailability to provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic discussions. Then we comprehensively review natural products and plant extracts known to positively influence eNOS activity and/or endothelial function in vitro or in vivo.
We will discuss red wine, highlighting polyphenols, oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) and resveratrol as modulators of endothelial NO production. Other dietary products and their active components known to activate eNOS include cocoa (OPC and its monomer (−)-epicatechin), pomegranates (polyphenols), black and green tea (flavanoids, especially epigallocatechin gallate), olive oil (oleic acid and polyphenols), soy (genistein), and quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in plants. In addition, phytomedical preparations made from ginkgo, hawthorn and ginseng, as well as formulations used in traditional Chinese Medicine, have been shown to affect endothelial NO production. Recurring phytochemical patterns among active fractions and purified compounds are discussed.
In summary, there is increasing evidence that several single natural products and plant extracts influence endothelial NO production. Identification of such compounds and characterisation of their cellular actions may increase our knowledge of the regulation of endothelial NO production and could provide valuable clues for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1089860309000755
The paper highlights the importance of healthy endothelial function. We know if endothelial function is compromised, this will result in inflammation, causing disease. Endothelial dysfunction in part affects vasolidation, which when dysfunctional predictive of cardiac diseases.
It discusses the various mechanism of methylation, and eNos synthase, which you read in previous posts.
According to the paper, various studies show red grapes and wine helps enothelium dilation of vessels, after a single does of red wine, said to be more potent when the alcohol was removed.
Grape juice and grape seed extract - we know are very rich in oligomeric procyanindins (OPC), can dilate endothelium dilation of "aortic rings." (We also know that many with neurological disorders benefit from taking OPCs).
Resveratrol - mechanism is not clear. Known to activayr "SRT1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor y coactivator 1x" which is involved in caloric restriction metabolism. (You may have read about the theory of caloric restriction to combat/prevent inflammation, ward of dysfunction of endothelial function, prevent/reverse diseases. Aficionados of caloric restriction usually include supplement of what is mentioned in this article for the purpose of longevity.) Much info about this on longevity forums.
Black & Green Tea - We all heard about green tea and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which are known to increase eNos. The paper does not mention what other compounds in black tea, much lower in EGCG promotes eNos.
Cocoa - will increase endothelial production of eNos after five days of daily consumption. Epicathecin is one of the compounds to be helpful towards hypertension. (Worth reading up on all benefits of cocoa). Not white chocolate, sugar attenuates the effect.
Soy Isoflavones - You probably read up the difference between eating fermented soy prods daily, such as miso, tempeh etc.. and to AVOID soy products, they are toxic!! The paper adds that several epidemiological studies from Eastern countries decrease vascular diseases. There is no entry as to which compounds nor the mechanism, other than soy may activate hormonal estrogen, promoting eNos.
Pommegranate - juice high plolynephenols in particular hydrolysable tanning punicalagin, increases eNos in cardicacendothelial cells, whilst halting oxidization of NO, by scavenging superoxide
Olive and Fish Oils - We all know about monosaturated fatty acids and oleic acid. Particularly found that it considerably beneficial to males post a four weeks diet high in both.
Garlic - aware of its benefits on cholesterol and blood lipids (immune system and other systmes, check it out). Allicin and organosulphur. Will also activate NOs. Also successful in treating rat with Diabetes Type 2. NO metabolites was found in urine after two weeks of treatment with dried garlic.
Aged garlic was found to benefit those suffering from coronary heart disease and hyperhomocysteinemia. (check out your homecysteine level, tons of supps to lower, or diets).
Caffeine and Coffee- may bring BP up, but will enhance endothelial function one hour or so after drinking it. Confusing. Other papers show arterial stiffness and rise in BP. But another paper showed improved endothelial function in rats suffering from hypertension.
Quercetin - contains lots of polyphenols. Works well on endothelial dependent "vasolidation" arotic rings. Overall, beneficial to endothelial cells. The author does not clarify the danger of activation of hydrogen peroxide, which can damage endothelial cell. I can't eat raw onions, it exacerbate my symptoms. I wonder if by some mechanism there is oxidation of the hydrogen peroxide (very sensitive to this), causing further damage to endothelial cells? Same with Vit C, which I can tolerate for a few months now.
Ginseng & Dan Shen- both activate eNos. One of the known compounds in Dan Shen, pentacyclic triterpene ursolic acid, is known to stimulalte eNOS but down regulates NADPH.
Interesting that most of above worsens my symptoms, and most of what is mentioned below. Its very complex.
Ascorbic Acid, sesamol lignan from sesame seeds, artichoke leaves,
citrus flavone hesperidine, passion flower flavone chrysin, berries, elderberry, and more activate eNOS. Watermelon rich in citrulline involves L-arginine pathway.